次氯酸钠药剂在不同水厂的应用

次氯酸钠药剂在水务行业应用广泛,常被用作消毒剂,对于保障水质具有重要的作用。介绍了近6年来次氯酸钠消毒剂在水务行业的应用情况,以期为不同性质水厂的运行提供参考。     

给水厂废弃铁铝泥对湖泊沉积物好氧氨氧化作用的影响

给水厂废弃铁铝泥(Ferric and aluminum residuals,FARs)可用于控制湖泊沉积物磷释放.因此,在实际应用之前对FARs的风险进行评估非常重要.本研究通过室内富集实验,考察FARs对沉积物中氨氧化菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)活性、丰度和多样性的影响.结果表明:投加FARs后,沉积物对氨氮的去除能力微弱提高.富集后沉积物中AOB丰度增加,投加FARs的沉积物中AOB丰度达到1.32×108copies·g-1,而未投加FARs的沉积物中AOB丰度为1.14×108copies·g-1.此外,amo A基因的系统发育分析表明富集前后沉积物中的AOB均附属于Nitrosospira和Nitrosomonas两个种属,并且投加FARs沉积物中AOB的多样性略高于未投加的.综上结果表明,FARs回用于湖泊富营养化控制的同时,将有益于沉积物中好氧氨氧化作用的进行.     

间歇式气水联合反冲洗生物炭池的试验研究

为合理控制生物炭池的反冲洗过程,改善其整体运行性能,试验以反冲洗出水浊度、反冲洗前后有机物的去除率和炭池的生物量、生物活性的变化等为评价指标,比较分析3种不同的气水联合反冲洗方式对生物炭池运行效果的影响.结果表明,间歇式气水联合反冲洗更适合于生物炭池,反冲洗后生物活性明显升高,比反冲洗前增加了62.5%;而气+水的反冲洗方式和气水混合+水冲的反冲洗方式的生物活性增加率为55.6%、38.5%.间歇式反冲洗308h后,反应器能恢复运行性能,UV254去除率达60.0%.反冲洗出水的类富里酸荧光峰很弱,而以低激发波长类色氨酸(峰S)和高激发波长类色氨酸(峰T)为主,这来源于被冲刷下来的微生物残片.三维荧光光谱也表明,间歇式气水联合反冲洗容易将微生物残片冲刷干净.     

反冲洗措施改善垂直潜流人工湿地水力特性的研究

人工湿地污水处理工程中难以解决的问题之一是湿地基质堵塞,本研究尝试用反冲洗措施解决此问题。采用不同反冲洗方案研究了反冲洗措施对人工湿地堵塞程度的改善效果,同时分析了反冲洗措施对垂直潜流人工湿地污染物去除效果的改变和水力特性的影响。结果表明,反冲洗措施对解决垂直潜流人工湿地的堵塞有明显地改善;人工湿地发生淤堵使COD去除率下降,反冲洗后随着实际水力停留时间的延长,COD去除率较反冲洗前有所提高;在几种反冲洗方案中,气水联合反冲洗方案在单位面积流量为8～10 L(/m.2s),反冲洗时间为5~7 min时反冲洗效果最好。     

Phosphate adsorption performance of a novel filter substrate made from drinking water treatment residuals

Phosphate is one of the most predominant pollutants in natural waters. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the phosphate adsorption performance of a(NFS) made from drinking water treatment residuals. The adsorption of phosphate on the NFS fitted well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models. At p H 7.0, the maximum adsorption capacity of 1.03 mg/g was achieved at 15°C corresponding to the wastewater temperature in cold months, and increased notably to 1.31 mg/g at 35°C.Under both acidic conditions(part of the adsorption sites was consumed) and basic conditions(negative charges formed on the surface of NFS, which led to a static repulsion of PO43-and HPO42-), the adsorption of phosphate was slightly inhibited. Further study showed that part of the adsorption sites could be recovered by 0.25 mol/L Na OH. The activation energy was calculated to be above 8.0 k J/mol, indicating that the adsorption of phosphate on NFS was probably a chemical process. Considering the strong phosphate adsorption capacity and recoverability, NFS showed great promise on enhancing phosphate removal from the secondary treated wastewater in the filtration process.     

SOME SIMPLE MODELS FOR CONTINUOUS VARIATE TIME SERIES1

ABSTRACT: A survey is given of recently developed models for continuous variate non–Gaussian time series. The emphasis is on marginally specific models with given correlation structure. Exponential, Gamma, Weibull, Laplace, Beta and Mixed Exponential models are considered for the marginal distributions of the stationary time series. Most of the models are random coefficient, additive linear models. Some discussion of the meaning of autoregression and linearity is given, as well as suggestions for higher–order linear residual analysis for non–Gaussian models.     

粒状滤料过滤技术发展与应用的探讨

粒状滤料过滤技术广泛用于废水的深度处理.过滤技术使用后,快滤池技术发展迅速.随着多种滤料的开发,深层过滤技术得到发展,直接过滤工艺应运而生.反冲洗是快滤池的一项关键技术,气水联合反冲洗对滤料过滤能力的再生效果优于单水反冲洗.滤料过滤存在跑料、料层板结等问题,在工程实践中逐步得到改进.     

在线反冲洗控制MBR膜污染的试验

试验采用在线空气反冲洗和在线清水反冲洗控制膜生物反应器(MBR)膜污染。试验结果表明,通过在线空气反冲洗,膜通量最大可恢复至20.5L/(m2·h),恢复率为95.3%,反冲洗周期为5d,且30d后膜通量仍大于12L/(m2·h);采用在线清水反冲洗后,膜通量最大可恢复至20.9L/(m2·h),恢复率为97.7%,第34天进行第3次在线清水反冲洗后膜通量仍可恢复至19.8L/(m2·h)。     

纤维过滤器用于污水回用的研究

采用新型的纤维束过滤器对污水厂的二级出水进行了直接过滤和絮凝、过滤回用的研究。结果表明,过滤器在10~30 m/h的滤速下均能有效去除水中的SS和浊度,出水SS低于10 mg/L;对COD、BOD、TP和细菌总数的去除率分别为10%~80%、21%~50%、11%~81%和87%。采用硫酸铝作为絮凝剂与纤维过滤器联合处理技术能进一步提高出水的水质。通过单一水反冲洗和气水联合反冲洗的对比研究,发现气水联合反冲洗是适合恢复纤维束过滤器过滤效能的冲洗方式。在反冲洗水流量10~12 L/m2.s、水压0.1 MPa、空气流量60 L/m2.s、气压0.1 MPa的条件下,冲洗30 m in能够有效地恢复纤维过滤器的过滤性能。